Answer:- Users can be members of multiple projects Tenant is a group of users and an alternative term for Project/accounts where projects are organizational units in cloud processing Role is the position to which a user is mapped (the authorization level). Roles are usually assigned to project-user duos.

Answer:- Keystone is the most important and preferred Identity Service in OpenStack and executes the complete OpenStack Identity API. The Keystone Identity Service is responsible for user management and service catalog. In user management, it tracks users and their permissions while Service Catalog offers a list of services available with their API. The former provides authentication credential details of users, tenants and roles. Internal services like Token and Policy are also part of Keystone Identity

Answer:- Flat Network Manager: This places all VMs on a single network utilizing the same subnet and bridge as created by the administrator. Thus, all VMs share the same network that can be interconnected and are known to have a Flat Network Manager. • Flat DHCP Network Manager: Much similar to the above except that the IP addresses to VM are assigned via DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol). • VLAN: Unlike the single network concept, VLAN facilitates a more secure and separate network for VMs. It has a physical switch to offer a separate virtual network and separate IP range and bridge for each tenant. This is indeed most preferable choice for a multi-tenant/project environment.

Answer:- $ novaunpause INSTANCE_NAME $ nova pause INSTANCE_NAME

Answer:- OpenStack Object Storage • Filesystem • S3 • HTTP • RBD or Rados Block Device • GridFSMaster Openstack from industry experts.

Answer:- Token is a type of authentication similar to password-based validation. A token gets generated once the user inserts the credentials and authenticates as a Keystone user. The token can then be used to access OpenStack services without any revalidation. It is interesting to note that a token is active for a limited period and must be renewed after regular intervals. To create a token, users first need to authenticate their Keystone credentials.

Answer:- Python SDK (Software Development Kit) helps users to write applications for performing automation tasks in Python by calling Python objects. It provides a platform to work with multiple OpenStack services at one place. It consists of language bindings to access OpenStack clouds, complete API reference, easy interaction with REST API and sample code for initial applications.

Answer:- The Filter Scheduler facilitates filtering and weighting to notify where a new instance can be created. It supports working with Compute Nodes. Filter Scheduler firstly creates an unfiltered dictionary of hosts and then filter them using related properties and makes the final selection of hosts for the number of instances as needed.

Answer:- • AvalabilityZoneFilter: filters hosts by their availability zone. • CapacityFilter: filtering based on volume host’s capacity consumption • DifferentBackendFilter: Scheduling volumes to a different back-end • DriverFilter: filters based on ‘filter function’ and ‘metrics’ • InstanceLocalityFilter • JSONFIlter • RetryFilter: Filter the previously attempted hosts • SameBackendFilterMost in-depth, industry-led curriculum in Openstack.

Answer:- • Networks • Routers • Subnets • Ports Vendor Plugins

Answer:- For all cloud computing paltforms, Hypervisor is a term to define virtual machine monitor (VMM) including hardware, software and firmware components running on a virtual machine. Host machine is the one having hypervisor with one or more virtual machines. OpenStack Compute allows multiple hypervisors. There are functionalities to choose one among them for a specific purpose.

Answer:- • KVM (Kernel-based Virtual machine) • LXC: Linux Containers having Linux-based VMs • QEMU: Quick EMUlator used for development purposes • UML: User Mode Linux used for development purposes • VMware vSphere: VMware-based Linux and Windows via vCenter server connection. • Hyper-V: Server virtualization with Microsoft’s Hyper-V

Answer:- The three important components of OpenStack modular architecture are: • OpenStack Compute: For managing large networks on the virtual machine • Image Service: The delivery service provides discovery and registration for virtual disk images • OpenStack Object Storage: A storage system that provides support for both block storage and object storage

Answer:- nova floating-ip-*