Answer:- The primary data store of Kubernetes is etcd, which is responsible for storing all Kubernetes cluster data.

Answer:- Kubernetes Master assigns a new IP address. We can set a static IP for Kubernetes load balancer by changing the DNS records whenever Kubernetes Master assigns a new IP address.

Answer:- • Pods Pods are the smallest units that Kubernetes administers. It constitutes a set of containers. It shares a single IP address and all the resources, such as storage and memory, among every container within it. A pod can have a single container when the service or application is a single process. • Deployments Kubernetes deployments determine the scale at which one wants to run an application, such as how the pods need to be replicated on the Kubernetes nodes, the desired number of pod replicas to be run, and the desired update strategy for the deployment. • Services If a pod dies, Kubernetes replaces it to prevent any downtime. A service is the only interface that the application consumers deal with. When pods are changed, their internal names and IPs might change as well. A service exposes a single IP address or machine name linked to pods whose numbers and names are unreliable. It ensures that nothing appears changed to the outside network. • Nodes A Kubernetes node collects, runs, and manages pods that function together. • The Kubernetes Control Plane The Kubernetes control plane is the main entry point for users and administrators to handle the management of various nodes. HTTP calls or command-line scripts are used to assign operations to it. How Kubernetes interacts with applications is controlled by the control plane.

Answer:- The control plane and the individual nodes consist of three main components each. Control plane • API Server The Kubernetes API server validates and configures data for API objects, including pods, replication controllers, services, etc. It serves REST operations and provides the frontend to the cluster’s shared state through which all other components communicate. • Scheduler The scheduler assigns work to the nodes, keeps track of the capacity of resources, and ensures that a worker node’s operation is within the right threshold. • Controller Manager The controller manager ensures that a cluster’s shared state is operating in the desired manner. It monitors various controllers, which respond to events. Worker Node Components: • Kubelet A kubelet keeps track of the state of a pod and ensures that every container is operating well. • Kube proxy The kube proxy is a network proxy that maintains network rules on nodes. It sends requests for work to the appropriate containers. • etcd This etcd component manages and holds the critical data that distributed systems require to operate. It is an open-source distributed key-value store that is used to share the state of a cluster. It helps with the setup of the overlay network for containers.

Answer:- Many on-premises environments are remodeled to enable Kubernetes integration. Integrating storage, servers, and networking into a smoothly running environment requires top skills. For Kubernetes, deciding the right storage and networking equipment is crucial as it facilitates interaction with resources for storage, load balancers, etc. A critical part of Kubernetes’ value proposition is the ability to automate storage and the networking components.

Answer:- Jenkins can be thought of as a free and open-source automation tool that is used for continuous integration. It automates some of the software development processes, such as building, testing, and deployment. It can also be integrated with a large number of testing and deployment technologies.

Answer:- Jenkins is used in the automation of some of the software development processes. With Jenkins, one can continuously test software projects so that developers can integrate the changes to them. Jenkins facilitates continuous integration and delivery through its built-in plugins.

Answer:- Distributed builds architecture is prescribed for a scalable Jenkins environment because the agents perform the main work and the master maintains the coordination. In this way, the focus is on both the master and the agent. In addition, the master provides the GUI and API endpoints.

Answer:- 1. Go to Manage Jenkins 2. Click on Create User 3. Enter all the details 4. Select Create User

Answer:- Jenkins Pipeline, sometimes simply called Pipeline, is a set of plugins, which supports the integration and use of continuous delivery pipelines in Jenkins. The continuous delivery pipeline is the process where automated builds, tests, and deployments are planned and arranged as one release workflow. Simply put, it is the process the code changes will go through for delivering software from the version control to clients and users.

Answer:- A Jenkinsfile is essentially a text file containing the steps for running a Jenkins Pipeline and is registered into the source control repository of a project.

Answer:- Continuous integration is the process in which all development work integration is done at the earliest and a code is continuously tested after a commit. This process allows one to discover bugs at an early stage and fix them. The Jenkins build server provides this functionality.

Answer:- Jenkins, by default, runs on port number 8080. For changing the existing port from 8080 to the desired port number, we can take the following steps: 1. Run Jenkins using the command line 2. Execute the command, java -jar -httpPort=desired_port jenkins.war If Jenkins is installed using the Windows package, then: 1. Go to Program Files/Jenkins directory 2. Open Jenkins.xml in the editor Find –httpPort=8080 and replace the port 8080 with the new port number

Answer:- The software prerequisites for installing Jenkins are that first we need to install Java Development Kit. We also need to install the Jakarta Enterprise Edition. Jenkins also comes with an embedded Jetty Runtime that can be used if WebSphere or Tomcat is not available.