Answer:- The types of hackers: 1. Black Hat Hackers or Crackers: Illegally, they hack systems to gain unauthorized access and cause disruptions in operations or breach data privacy. 2. White Hat Hackers or Ethical Hackers: These hackers hack systems and networks for the assessment of potential vulnerabilities or threats legally and with prior permission. 3. Grey Box Hackers: They assess the security weakness of a computer system or network without the owner’s permission but bring it to their attention later. Aside from these three types, there are also other types of miscellaneous hackers.

Answer:- • Asymmetric encryption • Asymmetric encryption uses different keys for encryption and decryption. • Asymmetric on the other hand is more secure but slow. Hence, a hybrid approach should be preferred. • Symmetric encryption • Symmetric encryption uses the same key for both encryption and decryption. • Symmetric is usually much faster but the key needs to be transferred over an unencrypted channel.

Answer:- ARP poisoning is a type of network attack that can be resolved through these techniques: Using Packet filtering: Packet filters can filter out & block packets with clashing source address data. Keeping away from trust relationship: Organizations ought to develop a protocol that depends on trust relationship as little as they can. Utilize ARP spoofing software: Some programs assess and certify information before it is transmitted and blocks any information that is spoofed.

Answer:- An ethical hacker is a computer system and networking master who systematically endeavours to infiltrate a PC framework or network for the benefit of its owners to find security vulnerabilities that a malicious hacker could potentially exploit.

Answer:- Most broadly utilized scripting language for Hackers is Python. Python has some very critical highlights that make it especially valuable for hacking, most importantly, it has some pre-assembled libraries that give some intense functionality.

Answer:- Pharming : In this strategy the attacker compromises the DNS (Domain Name System) servers or on the user PC with the goal that traffic is directed towards malicious site Defacement : In this strategy the attacker replaces the firm’s site with an alternate page. It contains the hacker’s name, images and may even incorporate messages and background music.

Answer:- Cowpattyis implemented on an offline dictionary attack against WPA/WPA2 networks utilizing PSK-based verification (e.g. WPA-Personal). Cowpatty can execute an enhanced attack if a recomputed PMK document is accessible for the SSID that is being assessed.

Answer:- Network Enumeration is the revelation of hosts/gadgets on a network, they tend to utilize obvious disclosure protocols, for example, ICMP and SNMP to gather data, they may likewise check different ports on remote hosts for looking for surely known services trying to further recognize the function of a remote host.

Answer:- Phishing and spoofing are totally different beneath the surface. One downloads malware to your PC or network, and the other part tricks you into surrendering sensitive monetary data to a cyber-crook. Phishing is a technique for recovery, while spoofing is a method for delivery.

Answer:- System sniffing includes utilizing sniffer tools that empower real- time monitoring and analysis of data streaming over PC systems. Sniffers can be utilized for various purposes, regardless of whether it’s to steal data or manage systems. Network sniffing is utilized for ethical and unethical purposes. System administrators utilize these as system monitoring and analysis tool to analyze and avoid network-related issues, for example, traffic bottlenecks. These devices can be used a organize cybercrime for untrustworthy purposes, for example, character usurpation, email, delicate information hijacking, etc.

Answer:- Network security is essentially a set of rules and configurations formulated to protect the accessibility, confidentiality, and integrity of computer networks and data with the help of software and hardware technologies. Types of network security: • Network access control: To prevent attackers and infiltrations in the network, network access control policies are in place for both users and devices at the most granular level. For example, access authority to network and confidential files can be assigned and regulated as needed. • Antivirus and antimalware software: Antivirus and antimalware software are used to continuously scan and protect against malicious software, viruses, worms, ransomware, and trojans. • Firewall protection: Firewalls act as a barrier between your trusted internal network and an untrusted external network. Administrators can configure a set of defined rules for the permission of traffic into the network. • Virtual private networks (VPNs): VPNs form a connection to the network from another endpoint or site. For example, an employee working from home uses a VPN to connect to the organization’s network. The user would need to authenticate to allow this communication. The data between the two points is encrypted.

Answer:- A network protocol is established as a set of rules to determine the way data transmissions take place between the devices in the same network. It basically allows communication between the connected devices regardless of any differences in their internal structure, design, or processes. Network protocols play a critical role in digital communications.

Answer:- Footprinting is nothing but accumulating and revealing as much data about the target network before gaining access to any network. Open Source Footprinting: It will search for the contact data of administrators that will be utilized for guessing passwords in Social Engineering Network Enumeration: The hacker attempts to distinguish the domain names and the network blocks of the target network Scanning: After the network is known, the second step is to spy the active IP addresses on the network. For distinguishing active IP addresses (ICMP) Internet Control Message Protocol is a functioning IP address Stack Fingerprinting: the final stage of the footprinting step can be performed, once the hosts and port have been mapped by examining the network, this is called Stack fingerprinting.

Answer:- • Encryption • Encryption is reversible • Encryption ensures confidentiality • Hashing • Hashing is irreversible • Hashing ensures Integrity