Answer:- Openstack is useful in developing any software-as-a-service (SAAS) applications, for new developments or to improve existing solutions. • Can serve as a strong foundation to deliver self-service storage to IT users. • Can deliver on-demand objective or block storage with higher scalability and easy-to-handle storage at lower costs. • Most enterprises can save bigger on licensing fees by switching virtual machines running on VMware to OpenStack.

Answer:- • Horizon: the only GUI in OpenStack; the first component administrators see and get an idea of the current operations in the cloud. • Nova: chief computing engine to handle multiple virtual machines and computing tasks • Swift: reliable and robust storage system for files and objects helping developers to refer to a unique identifier and Openstack decides where to store the info. • Cinder: similar to traditional computer storage system, it is a block storage system in OpenStack for accessing files at faster speed. • Neutron: ensures efficient connectivity between components during deployment. • Keystone: a central identity list of all OpenStack cloud users and provides various mapping techniques to access methods against Keystone. • Glance: image service provider where images are the virtual copies of hard disks. Allows using the images as templates during deployment of new instances. • Ceilometer: component providing billings services and other telemetry services to cloud users. Maintains an account of component system usage by each user. • Heat (Orchestration Engine): Allows developers to orchestrate/illustrate and store the cloud application requirements and resources needed in a file, thereby maintaining the cloud infrastructure.

Answer:- OpenStack Cloud Operating system supports two types of storage: Persistent Storage: Persistent and independent of any particular instance, created by users. This further includes three storages: • Object storage: to access binary objects through the REST API. • Block storage: offers access-to-block storage devices by affixing volumes their current VM instances. • Shared File System storage: provides a set of services to manage multiple files together for storage and exchange with multiple users at one time. Ephemeral Storage: Referring to a single instance. As the name suggests, these storage options are temporary and short-lived and disappear once the VM is terminated.

Answer:- Users can be members of multiple projects Tenant is a group of users and an alternative term for Project/accounts where projects are organizational units in cloud processing Role is the position to which a user is mapped (the authorization level). Roles are usually assigned to project-user duos.

Answer:- Keystone is the most important and preferred Identity Service in OpenStack and executes the complete OpenStack Identity API. The Keystone Identity Service is responsible for user management and service catalog. In user management, it tracks users and their permissions while Service Catalog offers a list of services available with their API. The former provides authentication credential details of users, tenants and roles. Internal services like Token and Policy are also part of Keystone Identity

Answer:- Flat Network Manager: This places all VMs on a single network utilizing the same subnet and bridge as created by the administrator. Thus, all VMs share the same network that can be interconnected and are known to have a Flat Network Manager. • Flat DHCP Network Manager: Much similar to the above except that the IP addresses to VM are assigned via DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol). • VLAN: Unlike the single network concept, VLAN facilitates a more secure and separate network for VMs. It has a physical switch to offer a separate virtual network and separate IP range and bridge for each tenant. This is indeed most preferable choice for a multi-tenant/project environment.

Answer:- $ novaunpause INSTANCE_NAME $ nova pause INSTANCE_NAME

Answer:- OpenStack Object Storage • Filesystem • S3 • HTTP • RBD or Rados Block Device • GridFSMaster Openstack from industry experts.

Answer:- Token is a type of authentication similar to password-based validation. A token gets generated once the user inserts the credentials and authenticates as a Keystone user. The token can then be used to access OpenStack services without any revalidation. It is interesting to note that a token is active for a limited period and must be renewed after regular intervals. To create a token, users first need to authenticate their Keystone credentials.

Answer:- Python SDK (Software Development Kit) helps users to write applications for performing automation tasks in Python by calling Python objects. It provides a platform to work with multiple OpenStack services at one place. It consists of language bindings to access OpenStack clouds, complete API reference, easy interaction with REST API and sample code for initial applications.

Answer:- The Filter Scheduler facilitates filtering and weighting to notify where a new instance can be created. It supports working with Compute Nodes. Filter Scheduler firstly creates an unfiltered dictionary of hosts and then filter them using related properties and makes the final selection of hosts for the number of instances as needed.

Answer:- • AvalabilityZoneFilter: filters hosts by their availability zone. • CapacityFilter: filtering based on volume host’s capacity consumption • DifferentBackendFilter: Scheduling volumes to a different back-end • DriverFilter: filters based on ‘filter function’ and ‘metrics’ • InstanceLocalityFilter • JSONFIlter • RetryFilter: Filter the previously attempted hosts • SameBackendFilterMost in-depth, industry-led curriculum in Openstack.

Answer:- • Networks • Routers • Subnets • Ports Vendor Plugins

Answer:- For all cloud computing paltforms, Hypervisor is a term to define virtual machine monitor (VMM) including hardware, software and firmware components running on a virtual machine. Host machine is the one having hypervisor with one or more virtual machines. OpenStack Compute allows multiple hypervisors. There are functionalities to choose one among them for a specific purpose.